Cannabis and Pain: What Research Says About Cannabinoids & Terpenes

Attention: The information provided in this blog is for educational purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Understanding Chronic Pain and Its Impact

Chronic pain is a pervasive issue, affecting an extensive segment of the global population, and it can significantly diminish quality of life. It’s also one of the most common reasons people ask about medical cannabis. If you live with chronic pain, a healthcare provider is the right partner for deciding on treatment; this article explains what research says so you can have an informed conversation.

Cannabis: A Glimpse Through History

For centuries, various cultures have employed cannabis for its purported therapeutic properties. In Ohio, medical cannabis is legal and available to patients with qualifying conditions. Dispensaries across the state offer a range of products, from different strains to edibles, all regulated to ensure safety and quality.

Cannabinoids for Pain

Cannabinoids like THC and CBD have been the focus of much research regarding their interaction with the body’s endocannabinoid system and potential effects on pain perception. While direct medical claims cannot be made, a review of existing studies can provide insights into their studied effects.

The Role of Terpenes

Terpenes, the aromatic compounds found in cannabis, have attracted scientific interest for their potential anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. Studies have suggested that specific terpenes might reduce inflammation symptoms by decreasing the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as nuclear transcription factor-kappa B, interleukin 1, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha.

What Terpenes Are Good for Pain

Pain is a complex area of research, and terpenes are one part of it. A review published through the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) looked at terpenes in this area.

According to the study, specific terpenes have demonstrated effectiveness in relieving pain in animal models. For instance, when it comes to terpenes found in cannabis that may help with pain, the study highlights the following:

• Myrcene: This terpene is prevalent in many cannabis strains and is known for its earthy, musky aroma reminiscent of cloves. Myrcene has been found to produce sedative and analgesic effects in mouse models.
• Beta-Caryophyllene: Often found in black pepper, oregano, and cannabis, beta-caryophyllene is unique because it may interact with the CB2 receptor in the endocannabinoid system, which plays a role in reducing inflammation.
• Linalool: Recognized for its floral scent, linalool is present in lavender and some cannabis strains. It has been associated with anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties.
• Alpha-Pinene and Beta-Pinene: These two terpenes, which have a pine-like aroma, are noted for their anti-inflammatory effects.

The study emphasizes that these terpenes were efficacious in animal models, particularly in the tail flick pain test, a method used to measure pain threshold and pain tolerance. It’s important to note that while these findings are promising, they are preliminary, and further research, including human trials, is necessary to fully understand the implications for pain management in people.

Product Spotlight in Ohio & Maryland Dispensaries

Dispensaries carry many products that include terpenes like myrcene, linalool, and beta-caryophyllene. These terpenes shape a product’s aroma, but the research above doesn’t show that any specific strain or product relieves pain. Start with low doses and ask dispensary staff about products, and talk to your healthcare provider about medical questions.

• Granddaddy Purple: A well-known indica-leaning strain that typically contains high levels of myrcene, with a rich berry and grape aroma. Many people describe it as relaxing and choose it for the evening.
• Sour Diesel: A popular strain known for its pungent, diesel-like aroma and a terpene profile that often includes beta-caryophyllene and pinene. People commonly describe it as energizing.
• THC Topicals: Creams and balms applied to the skin, often made with terpenes like beta-caryophyllene and linalool. Standard topicals don’t produce a high, and many people like them for sore muscles after activity.

It’s important to note that the terpene profiles of cannabis strains can vary significantly depending on numerous factors, including cultivation practices and environmental conditions. Therefore, the presence of specific terpenes cannot be guaranteed and may vary from batch to batch. Patients are encouraged to consult with knowledgeable dispensary staff to find products that suit their individual needs and preferences.

Get a Medical Marijuana Card Online

Apply or renew your Ohio medical marijuana card today!

Update: Ohio voters approved adult-use cannabis (Issue 2) on Nov. 7, 2023. It took effect Dec. 7, 2023, and adult-use sales began Aug. 6, 2024. Adult-use cannabis has been legal in Maryland since July 1, 2023.

• Get an Ohio MMJ Card
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Safety and Considerations

When considering cannabis, safety is paramount. Cannabis can cause side effects (dizziness, drowsiness, anxiety, impaired coordination), can interact with medications such as blood thinners and sedatives, and regular use can lead to tolerance and dependence. Never drive after using cannabis, and talk with your healthcare provider before combining cannabis with other treatments.

The Future of Cannabis Research

Research into cannabis and pain is ongoing, and future studies should provide clearer answers. Until then, stay informed, consult healthcare professionals, and follow the regulations in your state. For older adults, see cannabis for seniors.

References and Further Reading

For those interested in delving deeper into the scientific studies and literature on the topic, here are some recommended sources:

1. Del Prado-Audelo et al. (2021). “Therapeutic Applications of Terpenes on Inflammatory Diseases.” Frontiers in Pharmacology. PMC8414653.
2. Santiago et al. (2019). “Anti-inflammatory activity of terpenes isolated from Eupatorium cannabinum.” Journal of Ethnopharmacology. DOI:10.1016/j.jep.2019.01.034.
3. Russo, E.B. (2011). “Taming THC: potential cannabis synergy and phytocannabinoid-terpenoid entourage effects.” British Journal of Pharmacology. DOI:10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01238.x.
4. Finlay et al. (2020). “Cannabis sativa terpenes are cannabimimetic and selectively enhance cannabinoid activity.” Scientific Reports. DOI:10.1038/s41598-020-60172-6.

Reminder: The information provided in this blog is for educational purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

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Ohio Bloom Dispensaries:

Bloom proudly serves registered medical patients and recreational customers 21+ at seven convenient dispensaries across Ohio. Choose a city near you and visit us at Bloom. We look forward to serving you soon!

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Maryland Bloom Dispensary:

Bloom is thrilled to serve both medical marijuana patients and recreational customers 21+ at our Germantown dispensary in Maryland. Our dispensary offers a curated selection of premium cannabis products, perfect for those seeking deep relaxation or euphoric bliss. Discover a world of quality cannabis experiences with us in Germantown!

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